Magnesium phosphate based cement with improved setting, strength and cytocompatibility properties by adding Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2·H 2 O and citric acid

Inorganic phosphate cements have become prevalent as bone filling materials in clinical applications, owing to beneficial properties such as self-setting, biodegradability and osteoconductivity. However, the further development of phosphate cements with higher strength and improved cytocompatibility is expected. In this paper, we reported the preparation of a novel magnesium phosphate based cement (MPBC), which has similar compositions with magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) but Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O and citric acid were additionally added to modulate the performance. The physicochemical and biological properties of MPBC were investigated, the influences of the added Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O and citric acid on the performances of MPBC were analyzed, and the differences of performance between MPBC and MPC were discussed. Experimental results show that the setting time and compressive strength of MPBC were effectively enhanced by the addition of citric acid. In vitro biological degradation indicates that about 15 wt% of MPBC was reduced in 4 weeks. Compared with MPC, MPBC has weaker alkalinity and less dissolution of phosphate, leading to better suitability for cell proliferation and adhesion. These results suggest that as a bone filling material, MPBC shows better performance than MPC in many key indicators and has promising application prospects.